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Pope Leo XIV is emerging as a cautious voice of moral opposition to President Trump's policies, challenging the president's approach to world affairs without calling him out by name.

Why it matters: The first U.S.-born pontiff is in a "unique position" and standing as an international figure because of the nature of the office, papal scholars tell Axios.

The big picture: Leo has become outspoken about immigration and conflicts, and increasingly vocal in opposing the Iran war.

• As the war enters a second month, he used his Palm Sunday address to note that Jesus rejects "those who wage war."
• That was in stark contrast to Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth's comments at a Pentagon prayer service last week, during which he prayed for "overwhelming violence of action against those who deserve no mercy."
• By doing so Leo is continuing the work of his predecessors, said University of Dayton's Sandra Yocum, a professor of faith and culture, in a Monday afternoon phone interview, noting the late Pope John Paul II's opposition to the Iraq war.

Here are other times Leo appeared to criticize policies that Trump has pushed:

The Iran war

The pontiff has repeatedly spoken out against the Iran war since U.S. and Israeli forces first struck the country on Feb. 28 — though in keeping with a stance he's developed since becoming pope last May, he hasn't mentioned any world leader by name.

• In his first Sunday address since those strikes, the Chicago-born pope warned the "spiral of violence" risked becoming "an unbridgeable chasm."
• Leo noted in a March 15 address that "thousands of innocent people have been killed and countless others have been forced to flee their homes," adding: "To those responsible for this conflict: cease fire!"

Venezuela military operation

Before the Iran conflict began, the pope said during a Jan. 9 address: "War is back in vogue and a zeal for war is spreading."

• He alluded to the U.S. military attacks in the Caribbean and the Trump administration's operation to capture then-Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro.
• Leo called"escalating tensions" in the region "a cause for serious concern" as he urged for "peaceful political solutions" and for "the will of the Venezuelan people" to be respected and human rights safeguarded.

On the U.S.-Europe alliance

Reporters asked Leo in December if the U.S.-proposed plan to settle the Russia-Ukraine war was fair. Leo said from he had seen there was "a huge change" in what was for "many years a true alliance between Europe and the United States."

Trump's immigration policies

In November, Leo backed the U.S. Roman Catholic bishops' statement criticizing the Trump administration's immigration and mass deportation policies, emphasizing the need to treat people humanely and with dignity.

• "If people are in the United States illegally, there are ways to treat that,' he said. "There are courts. There's a system of justice."

Between the lines: Leo has asked the bishops and their conferences "to take more responsibility for local concerns, and so he was very supportive of the U.S. Catholic bishops in their in their criticism of the of the current policies by the Trump administration on mass deportation," Yocum said.

What we're watching: The Vatican confirmed in February the pope would not visit the U.S. this year, following an invitation from Trump via Vice President JD Vance.

• Instead, Leo will spend the 250th anniversary of the U.S. on July 4 on Lampedusa — Italy's southernmost island, off Tunisia's coast, which has become a gateway for thousands of migrants and refugees traveling to Europe from Africa and the Middle East.

Zoom in: Yocum pointed to Leo's years of service in Peru and his international heritage as giving him "recognition of what it means to be an immigrant and to be from a family of immigrants" in a country that is mostly descended from immigrants.

• "To go to this island, this place of transition for migrants fleeing difficult situations, I think he's reminding us of of responsibility, to those who are seeking a life of safety and security for themselves and their families," she said.
• Representatives from the White House did not immediately respond to Axios' Sunday afternoon request for comment. The Pentagon declined to comment on the matter.

Go deeper: Catholic Church emerges as a bulwark of resistance

Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis signed a bill Monday to rename Palm Beach International Airport after President Trump — as his family business seeks to trademark the use of his name on airports, a move legal experts called unprecedented.

Why it matters: The Trump family business has said it "will not receive any royalty, licensing fee or financial consideration whatsoever from the proposed airport renaming." But trademark lawyers say the filings could still give it control over how the Trump name is used.

Driving the news: DTTM, the company acting on behalf of the president and his family, filed three "unprecedented" airport-related intent-to-use applications to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, trademark attorney Josh Gerben first reported in February.

• Two of these, "President Donald J. Trump International Airport" and "Donald J. Trump International Airport," related to airport construction and repairs and include extensive lists of merchandise — clothing for people and pets, bags, watches, jewelry, umbrellas, tie clips and socks, along with airport lounges.
• A third application for "DJT" relates to airport construction and repairs only.
• An attorney for DTTM referred Axios to the Trump Organization for comment; the company did not respond to Axios' requests for comment in February and again in March, including on Monday.

Zoom in: There are currently eight commercial airports named after a president in the U.S., plus some smaller general aviation ones.

• This trademark filing is a first of its kind because a sitting president is "filing a trademark application through his private company for a name that's going to go on a public building in an honorary capacity," Gerben tells Axios.
• Trademark attorney Craig Simmeron tells Axios DTTM's broad range of trademark claims represented a "shotgun approach" that's "like throwing stuff at the wall and waiting to see what will stick," with the option to cancel elements later.
• "Like watches — he probably could get that. But security services, airport lounges — no," Simmeron said in a phone interview.

What we're watching: The bill DeSantis signed requires a legal agreement licensing's Trump's name for the airport, at no cost, for a variety of purposes. It takes effect July 1.

• "That means the mark owner will be able to exert some control over the way the mark is used," trademark expert Alexandra Roberts tells Axios.
• This could include fonts, logos and the size of Trump's name on the front of the airport, said Roberts, a Northeastern University law professor, via email.

Context: Hundreds of trademarks have been filed with Trump's name since the 1980s.

• At first, lawyers thought applications filed during his presidency might run afoul of the law.
• Now most say it's probably in bounds.

The bottom line: Approval of trademarks isn't conditioned on whether Trump's family makes money off an airport naming, Gerben notes.

• "It's only conditioned on whether or not the airport gets named and is actively using the name and whether or not there's actual merchandise being sold," he said.

Go deeper: Trump America: Everything the president has tried to name for himself